Production of mixed oil gas and water gas



P 1934- H. G. TERZIAN 1,972,804

PRODUCTION OF MIXED OIL GAS AND WATER GAS Filed Jan. 3, 1929 Patented Sept. 4, 1934 g Y PRODUCTION OF ltflXED OIL GAS AND WATER GAS Harutyun G. Terzian, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to The United Gas Philadelphia, Pa., a vania Application January 3,

4 Claims.

The present invention relates to the production of a mixed oil gas and water gas by cracking oil gas with the deposition of carbon and by the generation of water gas in an ignited fuel bed by air and steam blasting.

More particularly the invention relates to the utilization of liquid hydrocarbons, as gas oil, for instance, in the production of such mixed gas of low specific gravity in apparatus similar to present carburetted water gas apparatus and consisting preferably of a water gas generator, carburetter and superheater connected in series.

According to the process upon which the present invention is an improvement, an ignited fuel I bed is provided in the generator by intermittently blasting it with air. The blast gases pass through and are burned in the carburetter and superheater and their heat is stored therein. Intermittently between air blasting operations, the stored heat in the carburetter and superheater is utilized to vaporize or vaporize and partly crack the oil'. The resultant oil vapors and/or oil gas are then passed through the generator fuel bed to complete their cracking to the desired extent, the excess carbon being deposited in the fuel bed, and the cracked oil vapors or oil gas or resulting gas is saved. Also between air blasting operations or after one or more cycles of air blasting and oil gas passage, the generator fuel bed is blasted with steam to produce blue water gas, which operation utilizes the deposited carbon unconsumed by the blast and keeps the fuel bed free and open. This blue water gas may or may not be carburetted with oil in the carburetter and 'superheater.

It is the object of the present invention to provide an improvement upon the above process whereby the heat stored in the carburetter and superheater during the air blasting operation and the temperature distribution secured in that operation are more efliciently utilized than in previous proposals.

In previous proposals of which I am aware the oil has been admitted to the superheater or the carburetter, or both, and vaporized, and the resultant vapors and oil gas caused to pass in reverse direction to the flow of the air blast gases through the heat storage vessels, and then either up or down through the fuel bed.

Improvement Company, corporation of Pennsyl- 1929, Serial No. 329,977

nection with the accompanying drawing which forms a partof this specification and in which The single figureis a view partly in side elevation and partly in section.

In the drawing 1 generally indicates the water gas generator, 2 the carburetter, 3 the super heater, and 4 the wash box. The generator is provided with the fuel bed 5 and the air and steam supplies 6 and '7, respectively, for up-blasting and up-steaming. The fuel bed. may be steamed downwardly by steam admitted at 8 or 9. s

The generator, above the fuel bed is connected 1 and further provided with the branch connections 16 and 127, leading below and above the fuel bed, respectively. These branchconnections l6 and 17 are provided with the valves l8 and 19, respectively. The generator is further provided with the gas offtakes 20 and 21 leading oif from below and above the fuelbed, respectively, and provided with the valves 22 and 23. The offtakes 20 and 21 are connected with the wash box by connection 24, provided with the valve 25.

The carburetter-is provided with-the oil supply 26. 27 is the stack valve.- 28 is the gas olftake from the wash box, provided with the valve 29. 30 is the supply of secondaryairto the carburetter.

In operation, the generator fuel bed of, coal, coke, etc. is blasted with air supplied through 6. The resultant blast gases pass through the carburetter and superheater, where they are burned with secondary air supplied through 30. The burned gases issue from the stack controlled by a stack valve. Valves 11 and 27, are open, valves 15, 13 and 25 are closed. The air blast is then shut off. Valves l1 and 27 may be then closed. and valves 15 and 25 are opened andoil is admitted to the carburetter through 26.

The oil is vaporized in the carburetter, and the oil vapors are passed through the superheater where they are fixed. Some steam may be admitted simultaneously to the carburetter at 8, to aid in carrying theoil vapors through the vessels. From the superheater the fixed oil gas is passed through the connection 14 to the generator, and passed either up or down or alternately up and down through the fuel bed, the valves 18 and 19, 22 and 23, being appropriately manipulated. The oil gas is cracked in the fuel bed to the desired extent, the excess carbon being deposited in the bed. The reformed gas passes through connection 24 to the wash box and from there to storage (not shown) throughconnection 28. a

The admission of oil may then be discontinued and valves 15 and 25, closed while 11 and 13 are opened, and an uprun may be then made with steam admitted at 7, the resultant uprun water gas passing through the carburetter and superheater where it may or may not be carburetted by oil introduced through 26, to the wash box and to storage. I

Down-runs may be made as desired in the cycle of operations by steam admitted at 8 or at 9. Instead of following the air blasting operation by oil gas cracking, the air blasting operation may be followed by steam runs followed by the oil gas cracking. Or, if desired, the cycle of air blasting and steam running may. be interposed at intervals between cycles of air blasting and oil gas cracking.

At the end of the air blasting operation, the temperature is highest in the top of the carburetter and decreases toward the top of the superheater. As an example the temperature at the top of the carburetter may be 1600 F., at the bottom of the carburetter 1400 F. at the bottom of the superheater 1400 F., and at the top of the superheater 1100 F. In the production of a low gravity gas, it is necessary to utilize relatively large quantities of oil. 'If the oil is admitted to the superheater, vaporized there and the resultant vapors passed back through the carburetter to the generator, the superheater top is unduly cooled. In the operation of reheating it, the carburetter top is heated too high. Also as the oil vapors pass through the carburetter there is danger due to the high temperature there of over cracking and the undesirable deposition of a large amount of carbon in the carburetter checkerbrick. If the temperature gradient set up by the air blasting operation is effectively utilized. The oil is admitted to the carburetter top, where the temperature is highest and this heat is utilized in the vaporization of the oil. The resultant vapors pass through the superheater where the temperature is lower and where the vapors are fixed with-' out the danger of over-cracking and the deposition of a large amount of carbon. The oil gas then passes through the generator fuel bed, where the cracking is completed to the desired extent, and the resultant excess carbon deposited in the fuel bed where it is utilized in air blasting the fuel bed, and in water gas production. All of the oil vaporized may be fixed before passing to the water gas generator, and efficient use made of the heat stored in the carburetter and superstantially alone through said chamber in the same direction as the direction of passage of the air blast gases and then directly to the generator and then through the ignited fuel bed in the generator to vaporize the oil and crack the vapors and reform the gas with deposition of carbon in the fuel bed, and steaming the fuel bed to make water gas'and to remove the deposited carbon.

2. The process of making mixed reformed oil gas and water gas, which process includes the following steps: air blasting an ignited fuel bed 'in a generator, leading the blast gases out of the generator, and burning the blast gases in their passage through and out of a heat storage chamber to store heat in the same; introducing liquid oil substantially alone to the chamber, vaporizing the oil by a portion of the heat stored therein, passing the oil vapors and oil gas substantially alone through said chamber in the same direction as the blast gases so that the oil is vaporized by the hottest portion of the heat storage chamber andthe oil vapors and oil gas are fixed by the cooler portions of the heat storage chamber, and then passing the oil vapor and oil gas directly to the generator and through the ignited fuel bed in the generator to crack the oil vapors and reform .the oil gas with the deposition of carbon in the fuel bed; and steaming the fuel bed to make water gas and to remove the deposited carbon.

3. In the process of manufacturing mixed oil gas and water gas by generating water gas by alternate air and steam blasting an ignited fuel bed and by generating oil gas by vaporizing oil by means of the stored heat of combustion of the air blast gases and reforming oil gas by cracking such generated oil gas by passage through the ignited fuelbed, the improvement whichcomprises: passing the air blast gases from the fuel bed through a heat storage region, and burning them therein and establishing a gradient of decreasing temperature therein along the path of the air blast gases therethrough; cutting off direct communication between the higher temperature portion of said heat storage region and the fuel bed, establishing communication between the lowertemperature portion of the said heat storage region and the fuel bed, vaporizing oil in. the higher temperature portion of the heat storage region, passing the resultant oil vapors through the heat storage region in the direction of the flow of the air blast gases and fixing them to oil gas in the lower temperature portion of said heat storage region, passing such oil gas thence through the ignited fuel bed, cracking such oil gas therein to reformed gas, and leading off said reformed gas.

4. The process of making mixed reformed gas and water gas which includes the following steps:

air blasting an ignited fuel bed in a generator and.

leading the blast gases out of the generator and burning the same air blast gases in their passage through and out of a heat storage chamber to heat the same; passing oil through said chamber in the same direction as the passage of the air blast gases and then directly to the generator erator and leading the blast gases out of the generator and burning the same air blast gases in their passage through and out of a heat storage chamber to heat the same, passing oil suband then through the ignited fuel bed in the generator to vaporize the oil and crack the-oil vapors bon.

HARUTYUN G. TERZIAN. 

